Agência ambiental da ONU calculou que, em 2015, investimentos globais em energias renováveis atingiram o valor histórico de 286 bilhões de dólares. Recursos para energia solar no Brasil chegaram, pela primeira vez, às centenas de milhões, alcançando o equivalente a US$ 657 milhões. Energia eólica dominou mercado brasileiro, angariando 5,7 bilhões em recursos.
Investimentos em energias renováveis atingiram o valor de 286 bilhões de dólares em 2015. O montante é um dos mais altos já registrados e foi, pela primeira vez, maior que o dobro do registrado para os recursos gastos com carvão e gás.
Além de quebrar este recorde, 2015 também foi o primeiro ano em que países em desenvolvimento investiram mais em energias limpas do que as nações desenvolvidas. O Brasil esteve entre os dez maiores investidores do mundo.
As informações são de um novo relatório publicado na sexta-feira (25) e elaborado pelo Programa das Nações Unidas para o Meio Ambiente (PNUMA) em parceria com o organismo de Finanças de Nova Energia da Bloomberg (BNEF) e o Centro de Colaboração para o Clima e o Financiamento de Energia Sustentável da Escola de Frankfurt e da agência da ONU.
A pesquisa revela que fontes renováveis geraram 134 gigawatts adicionais em 2015, em comparação com os 106 GW produzidos em 2014. O valor equivale a 54% de toda a potência energética adicional produzida no ano passado. Essa quantidade de energia limpa impediu que 1,5 gigatonelada de gás carbônico fosse liberada na atmosfera. Desde 2004, países teriam investido 2,3 trilhões em energias renováveis.
Somados, os investimentos da China, Índia e Brasil – os “três gigantes” – registraram um aumento de 16% em 2015, alcançando 120,2 bilhões de dólares. A China responde pela maior fatia deste volumoso orçamento – quase 100 bilhões.
Recursos do Brasil foram calculados em cerca de 7 bilhões. A maior parte dos investimentos foi destinada à produção de energia eólica (5,7 bilhões). Estimativas indicam que esse tipo de energia produziu dois gigawatts a mais em 2015 para o país.
Também no ano passado, pela primeira vez, os projetos brasileiros em energia solar alcançaram a casa das centenas de milhões, chegando a 657 milhões de dólares. Segundo o relatório, isso poderia indicar o início de um novo grande mercado para o uso de placas fotovoltaicas.
O Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES) foi citado pela pesquisa como o quarto banco de desenvolvimento mais ativo do mundo no setor de financiamento de projetos de energia limpa.
O organismo brasileiro informou ao PNUMA e às outras instituições responsáveis pela pesquisa que emprestou o equivalente a 1,8 bilhão de dólares para iniciativas envolvendo energia eólica.
Quando considerados os investimentos globais, o documento mostra que as energias solar e eólica dominaram a produção limpa em 2015, gerando 118 gigawatts do total. Esse cálculo do PNUMA excluiu os valores associados a grandes hidrelétricas.
O uso de biomassa, de energia geotermal, de resíduos e de pequenas hidrelétricas produziu quantidades mais modestas de potência de acordo com a pesquisa.
“O acesso à energia limpa e moderna é de enorme valor para todas as sociedades, mas especialmente em regiões onde a energia confiável pode oferecer profundas melhorias para a qualidade de vida, o desenvolvimento econômico e a sustentabilidade ambiental”, afirmou o diretor-executivo do PNUMA, Achim Steiner.
Acesse o estudo do PNUMA na íntegra, em inglês, clicando aqui.
Fonte: ABES-ES
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