Por Sueli Melo
Gustavo Mendez, especialista do Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento – BID, vê positivamente a atuação do Brasil em relação à regulação dos serviços de saneamento. Para ele, o país tem tido avanços importantes na implementação do sistema regulatório.
Em entrevista ao Portal ABES, Gustavo discorre sobre o cenário no Brasil e o sobre o Projeto de Regulação do Setor de Água e Saneamento, uma parceria entre a Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental – ABES e o BID, que promove o curso EAD Regulação dos Serviços de Saneamento – teoria e prática.
De acordo com ele, os serviços públicos de saneamento básico, economicamente falando, são monopólicos. “São serviços prestados, normalmente em uma cidade, por uma companhia. Desta forma, os preços e as quantidades de demandas do consumidor não estão submetidas às forças do mercado. As companhias de saneamento não têm competição. Nesse momento, surge a regulação”, ressalta. Há, conforme Mendez, dois propósitos fundamentais a serem alcançados com a regulação: equilíbrio econômico para que os preços (as tarifas, neste caso) sejam justos e não se cometam excessos; e proteção ao consumidor, “porque a prestação de serviço tem de ser feita com boa qualidade e alguém tem que garantir e fazer uma vigilância para que isso se cumpra”.
Neste sentido, segundo Mendez, “o Brasil tem tido avanços importantes na implementação do sistema regulatório. Entendendo isso no marco das disposições regulatórias, leis, decretos, normativas e as entidades regulatórias. Além disso, os estados e prefeituras também têm as suas próprias leis para implementar a regulação”, afirma. Mas pondera que o país tem ainda grandes desafios neste tema. “Se olharmos o contexto do novo governo fala-se muito em Parcerias Público Privadas – PPP no setor de saneamento e em outros como o de transporte e o de energia”, salienta. Quando os privados estão prestando um serviço monopólico, conforme esclarece o professor, tem de regular, pois eles visam o lucro, e este deve ser controlado. “Essa é uma necessidade”, frisa.
Neste cenário, de acordo com Mendez, o BID analisou diferentes opções para apoiar o sistema regulatório no Brasil e viu que uma forma muito eficaz de apoio seria por meio da ABES e por isso outorgou nessa Cooperação Técnica uma doação para implementar diferentes objetivos. O primeiro deles é ser a porta de entrada para uma política pública por meio de um sistema de subsídios.
“Hoje temos uma proposta para melhorar o sistema de subsídios no Brasil. O que está faltando é socializar com diferentes autores e debater esta proposta em plataformas de discussão com as sociedades civil, estadual e municipal”, destaca. O outro objetivo é implementar a capacitação em regulação. “Isso é muito importante. Quando temos um país que está começando a consolidar a regulação, precisamos que o mercado de trabalho, técnico profissional disponha de profissionais especializados em regulação. Então, esses componentes no marco da cooperação técnica da ABES são muito importantes”, pontua.
Em relação ao curso EAD Regulação dos Serviços de Saneamento – teoria e prática, ressalta o sucesso da iniciativa. “Hoje temos um módulo com cerca de 90 participantes. É um número significativo. Um primeiro passo para avançar na capacitação em regulação por meio desta cooperação.”
Gustavo Mendez explica que, após a conclusão da Cooperação ABES e BID, será realizada uma avaliação final para analisar os resultados alcançados e planejar ações futuras.
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