Por Ana Paula Rogers e Sueli Melo
Com o auditório lotado no hotel Holliday Inn – Parque Anhembi, a ABES promoveu, na noite desta terça-feira, dia 5 de julho, a abertura do I Seminário Internacional Controle de Perdas e o Enfrentamento da Escassez Hídrica (saiba mais aqui). O encontro é coordenado pelo diretor da ABES e presidente nacional eleito para o Biênio 2016/18, Roberval Tavares de Souza, e realizado no âmbito da Câmara Temática Gestão de Perdas, coordenada por Ricardo Röver Machado.
A cerimônia contou com as presenças de Alceu Segamarchi, secretário Nacional de Saneamento, representando o Ministro das cidades, Bruno Araújo, Benedito Braga, secretário de Saneamento e Recursos Hídricos do Estado de São Paulo e presidente do Conselho Mundial da Água, representando o governador Geraldo Alckmin, e Jerson Kelman, presidente da Sabesp. As autoridades convidadas realizaram a abertura oficial ao lado de Dante Ragazzi Pauli, presidente nacional da ABES, Alceu Guérios Bittencourt, presidente da ABES-SP, e Ronnie Mckenzie, especialista internacional, que representou os palestrantes convidados da Europa, Estados Unidos, África e América Latina: Roland Liemberger (Áustria), Alan Wyatt (Estados Unidos), Sue Mosburg (Estados Unidos), Julian Thornton (Inglaterra), Enric Castelvi (Espanha), Joaquim Poças Martins (Portugal) Michel Vermersch e Fátima Carteado (França/Brasil), Fábio Garzon (Colômbia) e Isabel Szendrey (Porto Rico).
O seminário, o maior encontro do tema realizado na América Latina, que acontece até quinta-feira, reúne um público de 500 profissionais do saneamento que conhecerão experiências e boas práticas do Brasil e do exterior. O evento é etapa preparatória para o 29º Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, que será promovido em São Paulo em 2017, que ocorrerá rumo ao Fórum Mundial da Água, que será realizado em Brasília em 2018.
O presidente da ABES, Dante Ragazzi Pauli, abriu a cerimônia agradecendo a presença das autoridades convidadas, palestrantes internacionais, público e equipes envolvidas na organização. Em seguida, fez um breve panorama do cenário das perdas no Brasil e destacou o empenho da Associação e de outras entidades para buscar soluções que façam o setor avançar. “Sabemos que a situação do saneamento no país ainda é caótica, principalmente quando falamos de esgotamento sanitário, de tratamento e disposição final de resíduos, além de drenagem. Podemos dizer que crescemos bastante nas últimas décadas no atendimento em água de qualidade. Mas muito ainda há por fazer para completar a universalização. Especialmente quando olhamos a operação do sistema de abastecimento de água a vemos realidades absolutamente distintas no Brasil, com índices de perdas (o grande indicador de performance do sistema de água) que variam de 20% a 70%. Esses números mostram que temos um grande desafio. A ABES, no seu papel de desenvolver o saneamento e tendo por objetivo a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população, tem sido ouvida em Brasília, juntamente com as demais associações do setor e isso é muito bom.”
Em sua fala, Jerson Kelman, presidente da Sabesp, afirmou que, para enfrentar a crise hídrica, a Sabesp e a população focaram em dois mecanismos: cultura da demanda e da oferta e estímulos econômicos em termos de ônus e bônus para aqueles que economizassem ou gastassem mais água. “Funcionou muito bem. Não foi só a adesão da população, que naturalmente teve uma motivação econômica. Houve, de fato, uma mobilização, uma conscientização de que era preciso mudar os hábitos. Outro fator foi a agilidade da Sabesp, que teve soluções extremamente engenhosas, como buscar água no volume morto (morto na ótica do setor elétrico, pois não serve para gerar energia elétrica, mas é água boa). Com grande rapidez e eficiência, fez também a integração dos sistemas externamente – sistemas produtores – e internamente – sistema de distribuição. Mas a principal medida que deu resultado foi o controle de pressão, uma maneira emergencial de lidar com as perdas”, destacou. “O tema do seminário é fundamental para a Sabesp porque temos ainda grandes perdas e o primeiro passo para resolver um problema é reconhecê-lo. Agora que a crise hídrica passou, temos de voltar à agenda fundamental e ver as prioridades. E uma delas, além do saneamento, é a diminuição de perdas tanto físicas como comerciais.”
União do setor
O secretário Nacional de Saneamento, Alceu Segamarchi, disse estar orgulhoso de participar de um evento com tamanha projeção. “Eu tenho tido contato com os números nacionais referentes às perdas, particularmente, e ao saneamento de maneira geral e são números preocupantes, é uma missão árdua. O Brasil tem um déficit que precisa ser zerado, não podemos conviver com essa situação por décadas, que não mudará se não melhorarmos investimentos e abreviarmos especialmente coleta e tratamento de esgoto e resíduos sólidos. O Ministério das Cidades, através da Secretaria de Saneamento, irá colaborar dentro do orçamento, possibilidades e capacidades técnicas. Vivemos uma crise, mas estamos começando a nos reunir com a ABES e todas as associações representativas do setor para buscarmos soluções. Precisamos da colaboração desse corpo técnico. E um momento importante para sugerir mudanças e aperfeiçoamentos e é importante que escutemos todos.”
Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Benedito Braga, secretário de Saneamento e Recursos Hídricos do Estado de São Paulo e presidente do Conselho Mundial da Água, deus as boas vindas em nome do governador Geraldo Alckmin, e fez uma reflexão sobre os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Milênio (leia aqui), que trazem, entre suas 17 metas, o acesso à água limpa e ao saneamento (saiba mais aqui).
“Uma meta semelhante tinha sido feita em 2000, nos Objetivos do Milênio: reduzir o número de pessoas sem acesso à água potável em 50%, o que conseguirmos atingir do ponto de vista da água potável, mas o saneamento ficou para trás. Agora, essa ideia da meta 6, lançada na Rio+20 avança, porque vai além da água e do saneamento, inclui a gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos e o uso eficiente da água. Reduzir perdas é um dever de todos, devemos buscar sempre o uso eficiente e uma forma inteligente de enfrentar as crises, mas também devemos colocar que controlar perdas exige tecnologia e recursos financeiros. O trabalho da Sabesp foi muito bom, hoje as perdas são compatíveis com países desenvolvidos”, afirmou.
Ele destacou ainda que a redução de perdas passa também por uma articulação federativa importante. “Sabemos hoje que muito da perdas que temos em regiões metropolitanas advém de comunidades informais, onde não há titularidade e a companhia de saneamento não pode, nem que queira, servir a população, e aí surge o conhecido fenômeno do “gato”, que resulta em perdas importantes. Espero que esta questão de cooperação federativa seja discutida, principalmente em regiões metropolitanas.”
Por fim, destacou um dos legados da crise de escassez hídrica em São Paulo: “Vimos aqui na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo que as campanhas de mobilização – ônus e bônus – criaram uma nova cultura do uso da água no âmbito doméstico, do uso eficiente, que temos que preservar.”
Perdas: tema fundamental
O coordenador da Câmara Temática de Gestão de Perdas da ABES, Ricardo Röver Machado, pontua que, de fato, alavancada pela grave e histórica crise hídrica que se acometeu sobre uma das maiores regiões metropolitanas do planeta, a preocupação com a redução das perdas de água tomou definitivamente o seu lugar de destaque. “Não apenas pela sua relação direta com as questões de meio ambiente e sustentabilidade, como também pela sua importância respectiva ao equilíbrio financeiro das empresas de saneamento”.
“O seminário internacional é o maior evento sobre perdas na América Latina. Logo depois da região sudeste do Brasil atravessar uma das maiores crises hídricas de sua história, é importante a reflexão sobre o quanto o programa de perdas ajudou a superar esta fase. Este é o momento dos profissionais do setor obterem mais conhecimento e avançar nas questões técnicas relativas à redução de perdas”, ressalta Roberval Tavares de Souza, membro da Diretoria Nacional da ABES e coordenador do seminário.
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Colegas, parece que finalmente a questão das perdas entrou de vez na agenda nacional do saneamento. Em época de escassez e de maior consciência ambiental, não podemos mais negligenciar o tema. As vantagens econômicas também são evidentes, pois menor perda significa menor produção, ou seja, menor custo de pessoal, energia, suprimentos, transporte, etc. Um parabéns especial ao engº Ricardo Rover, nosso colega da CORSAN, pelo sucesso de seu trabalho.
Há braços.
Paulo Renato Menezes
Agente Administrativo
Administrador – CRA 047280
paulo.menezes@corsan.com.br
Análise Projetos Parcelamento Solo – Diretoria de Expansão