
A diretora da ABES-SP e coordenadora das Câmaras Técnicas de Saúde Pública e Resíduos Sólidos, Roseane Maria Garcia Lopes de Souza, ministrou palestra nesta quarta-feira, último dia do IV Seminário Internacional da ASEC – Água, seus Usos Múltiplos e Trabalho, promovido pela Associação dos Engenheiros e Especialistas da CETESB e do Meio Ambiente (ASEC), em parceria com ABES. O evento aconteceu no auditório Augusto Ruschi da CETESB como parte das comemorações do Dia Mundial da Água, celebrado no dia 22.
Com o tema “Temos qualidade de água desejada?”, Roseane ressaltou o saneamento como um direito humano reconhecido pela ONU. “Nossa política de saneamento também tem direito que as pessoas adquirem. Temos o direito a uma água segura, disponível em qualquer local e em quantidade suficiente para atender as necessidades, o preço deve ser acessível para a população, ou seja: considerar a qualidade, quantidade, continuidade, cobertura e custo. As cidades devem prover a estrutura sanitária para garantir a saúde da população.”
A carga global de doença pela Organização Mundial de Saúde- OMS aponta que 20% estão relacionadas à saúde ambiental, enfermidades têm a ver com a questão do comprometimento do meio ambiente, da degradação, da poluição, de água contaminada, de esgoto in natura, existências de áreas contaminadas , acumulo de resíduos sólidos em locais inadequados,por conta dessas questões. “É um número significativo, meio ambiente contaminado e mal gerenciado impacta diretamente nos agravos e doenças da população. A falta de saneamento colabora com as doenças.
A segurança da água, explicou a engenheira, parece um assunto recente no país, mas considerando água para consumo humano, está regulamentada desde 1977, quando o Ministério da Saúde cria o primeiro decreto com o padrão de potabilidade nacional. Depois na sequencia, houve outras legislações e a atual é a Portaria 2914/11 que disciplina o padrão de potabilidade do Brasil.
Roseane esclareceu o conceito de água para o consumo humano, aquela água destinada a ingestão, preparação, produção de alimentos e higienização independente de sua origem. “Para ter mananciais contaminados, temos que ter capacidade de tratamento para a sua disponibilização água segura para a população”, frisou.
Roseane também pontuou o papel da tecnologia. “Temos que ter pesquisas e o uso de tecnologias mais avançados para o tratamento da água, a fim de garantir que a água distribuída esteja dentro dos parâmetros de potabilidade.”
A palestrante também destacou que temos inúmeras substâncias que podem estar no manancial e não estão contempladas nas legislações vigentes e, sim o conhecimento da carga de contaminação nas bacias hidrográficas é importante para avaliar os riscos à saúde. A relação entre substâncias químicas e doenças é de difícil diagnóstico, mas o uso de estudos epidemiológicos e de investigações devem ser uma prática mais usual e, embora tenha sido um médico John Snow que pela primeira vez no mundo , associou doença a água, o setor saneamento ainda usua muito pouco as ferramentas epidemiológicas.
Neste cenário, o plano de segurança, ressalta, é um instrumento metodológico que seguramente traz o conceito de gestão de risco e que deve ser utilizado pelos sistemas de soluções alternativas de abastecimento de água. Outra questão fundamental é a informação. “Existe na população uma desconfiança dos dados publicados quando o assunto é água para consumo humano, pudemos verificar com os eventos de escassez hídrica ocorrido no ano passado aqui em São Paulo, desta forma, a buscar de criar fóruns com órgãos públicos, academia e a participação do controle social é saudável para uma gestão integrada , participativa inovadora.
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