Artigo do presidente da ABES: Com investimentos pífios, mal se fala em saneamento no Brasil
O presidente nacional da ABES, Dante Ragazzi Pauli, aborda o cenário do saneamento no Brasil.
Acesse aqui o artigo publicado no UOL
E abaixo, o texto na íntegra:
Crises financeira, econômica, política e ética marcaram o Brasil em 2015.
A continuidade da crise hídrica também marcou o ano recém terminado. Seus impactos no saneamento brasileiro foram duramente sentidos.
Muitas regiões brasileiras viveram severa falta de chuvas, para umas fato quase inédito e para outras, já acostumadas, com intensidade ainda maior.
A fragilidade e mazelas do setor ficaram ainda mais escancaradas.
Os operadores, em sua grande maioria em situação extremamente difícil, por motivos os mais variados, têm assumido papeis que claramente cabem aos municípios, estados e união. Como exemplo, obras de transposição de bacias e o caso de São Paulo é emblemático.
Ao mesmo tempo e, para piorar a situação, as agências de regulação, recém nascidas e em construção, portanto, começam a se difundir, de forma legítima é verdade, mas sem um olhar sistêmico, e deixam de lado a escala econômica, além de pôr em risco a fiscalização de contratos e equilíbrio econômico financeiro do setor. E, quando implantadas, a população desconhece sua atuação e importância.
O fato é que as tarifas de água e esgotos não refletem as reais necessidades de investimentos, estimados em cerca de R$ 360 bilhões, segundo o PLANSAB.
2016 começa com perspectivas ainda mais sombrias.
Mal se tem falado em saneamento. Aliás, quando se fala em investimentos em infraestrutura no Brasil, cujos valores são pífios se comparados a diversos outros países, o setor raramente aparece. Provavelmente é a área com os menores valores investidos em relação ao nosso PIB.
Imputar toda a culpa ao governo federal não é justo. Os governos estaduais e municipais também não priorizam o setor.
O saneamento, diferentemente de diversos outros setores da infraestrutura, não tem organização e regulação federais. Grande parte de nossa população é atendida por companhias estaduais. Há muitos e muitos serviços autônomos municipais, além de companhias municipais e a participação, ainda muito tímida, do setor privado.
Há bons e maus exemplos de gestão em qualquer uma destas alternativas.
O fato é que o desenho institucional não favorece um desempenho geral exemplar.
Aproveitemos este e os próximos anos, de investimentos sabidamente ainda mais reduzidos, para discutir e iniciar a reorganização do setor.
Iniciativas interessantes têm ocorrido no Congresso Nacional e cito o trabalho do deputado João Paulo Papa que, coordenando a Subcomissão Especial da Universalização do Saneamento Básico e do Uso Racional da Água, ligada à Comissão de Desenvolvimento Urbano, ouviu todas as entidades representativas do setor e produziu importante documento, apresentado à sociedade em 9 de dezembro último.
A ABES fez algo semelhante em seu 28º Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, realizado em outubro passado no Rio de Janeiro, ao debater agenda mínima para o setor nos próximos anos.
Portanto, conhecemos e discutimos os principais gargalos do setor. Apenas como exemplos cito: falta de estrutura mínima e ausência de escala econômica para gerir o setor em boa parte dos municípios e operadores, cadeia produtiva fragmentada e em dificuldades financeiras, falta de planejamento e projetos de qualidade, incapacidade de endividamento das empresas, muitas vezes gestão dos serviços quase inexistente, pagamento de tributos em excesso (PIS e COFINS/PASEP, dentre outros), necessidade de regulação forte e bem estruturada.
Os exemplos acima mostram a necessidade de implementação de ações estruturantes para o setor. Com recursos muito menores que aqueles necessários para obras que nos permitirão alcançar a universalização dos serviços, o Brasil pode dar mostras claras de que dará início à reformulação daquilo que, além de tudo, significa saúde e desenvolvimento econômico e social para nossa população.
Trata-se, agora, de juntar os envolvidos e fazer a máquina girar.
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