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Biogás pode ser opção sustentável para ajudar na crise energética e na universalização de acesso aos serviços de esgoto

A coleta e o tratamento adequados de esgotos sanitários são temas frequentemente debatido na sociedade, especialmente pelo impacto no meio ambiente e na saúde pública.

Os resíduos urbanos podem gerar energia elétrica ou combustível. Foi pensando nisso que entidades do setor realizou estudos de potencial do biogás e lança nota técnica esta semana, seguida de webinar para discutir os resultados nesta quinta-feira, 16 de dezembro. De acordo com o documento, o Brasil, em 2019, possuía pouco mais de 106 milhões de habitantes atendidos por rede de coleta e tratamento de esgoto, o que resulta em um potencial de produção de 493,4 milhões de Nm³ de biogás.

A região de maior destaque é a Sudeste com 71% desse potencial. Já a região Sul, segunda colocada, representa 14% desse potencial de biogás a partir de esgoto sanitário (de acordo com dados coletados de 2019).  De acordo com o estudo, “esses 493,4 milhões Nm3 anuais de biogás poderiam suprir o equivalente a 1,18 milhão de MWh/ano em energia elétrica, que representam a demanda elétrica anual de uma cidade com 587 mil residências por ano, ou serem utilizados para a produção de cerca de 375,5 milhões de Nm³/ano de biometano, o que representa a substituição de 347,7 milhões de litros de diesel”.

A coleta e o tratamento adequados de esgotos sanitários são temas frequentemente debatido na sociedade, especialmente pelo impacto no meio ambiente e na saúde pública. Desde 2013, o Governo Federal, por meio do Plano Nacional de Saneamento Básico (Plansab) para busca a universalização desses serviços, mas há diversas barreiras encontradas para o alcançar tal meta.

É nesse cenário que a recuperação do biogás, produto do tratamento anaeróbio (a partir da fermentação de resíduos orgânicos), se apresenta como uma oportunidade para o setor de saneamento, tanto por seu valor como produto energético, quanto pelo potencial de redução de gases do efeito estufa.

E é nesse contexto que essa nota técnica apresenta uma estimativa do potencial de produção biogás a partir de tratamento de esgotos, considerando dados disponíveis no Sistema Nacional de Informações de Saneamento (SNIS), referente ao ano de 2019 e os cenários de universalização dos serviços de esgotamento sanitário previstos pelo Plansab.

A publicação foi feita por uma iniciativa de várias instituições do setor, sob coordenação da Associação Brasileira do Biogás (ABiogás), em colaboração com BEP, o Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Estações Sustentáveis de Tratamento de Esgoto (INCT ETEs Sustentáveis), a Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental (ABES), o Centro Internacional de Energias Renováveis – Biogás (CIBiogás), a Companhia de Saneamento do Paraná (Sanepar), Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo (Sabesp) e Projeto GEF Biogás Brasil, liderado pelo Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovações (MCTI) e implementado pela Organização das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento Industrial (UNIDO).

Também foi realizada na nota técnica uma projeção do potencial de biogás para os anos de 2023 e 2033, considerando as metas de crescimento do acesso à coleta e tratamento de esgoto sanitário propostas pelo Plansab, diferentes cenários de adoção de rotas anaeróbias e a projeção do crescimento da população, de acordo com o IBGE. Em um cenário otimista, os resultados apontam que o potencial de produção de biogás no setor de saneamento brasileiro pode crescer mais de 85% até 2033.

Na nota ainda consta um levantamento do potencial de descarbonização do setor ao optar pelo aproveitamento energético do biogás produzido. A estimativa é que o aproveitamento energético do biogás a partir do tratamento de esgoto teria a capacidade de evitar a emissão entre 3.284 e 8.450 Gg CO2eq/ano, em 2023. Caso o biogás produzido seja aproveitado energeticamente, a estimativa é que a capacidade de evitar emissão fique entre 4.139 e 11.442 Gg CO2eq/ano, em 2033,o que significa uma redução de até 10,2% (2023) e 13,8% (2033) nas emissões de GEEs no setor de saneamento.

Evento – Nesta quarta-feira, dia 16 de dezembro, às 10h, especialistas que  participaram da elaboração da nota técnica participam de um webnário para debater sobre o potencial do biogás a partir do tratamento do esgoto e quais as perspectivas para a universalização sustentável dos serviços de esgotamento sanitário no Brasil. Acompanhe o evento no canal da ABES no YouTube: acesse aqui.

Clique aqui para baixar a nota técnica.

114 Comentários em Biogás pode ser opção sustentável para ajudar na crise energética e na universalização de acesso aos serviços de esgoto

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